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Field Crop Development Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 5030 50th St., Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W8, Canada
* Corresponding author (patricia.juskiw{at}gov.ab.ca).
ABSTRACT
‘Busby’ (Reg. No. CV-343, PI 656596; CFIA Reg. No. 6540; Canadian PBR Appl. No. 08-6470) is a two-rowed, hulled, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Field Crop Development Centre (FCDC), Lacombe, AB, Canada. Busby was tested in FCDC trials as H94034003 from 2001 to 2005 and in Prairie Recommending Committee for Oat and Barley trials as TR06673 during 2006 and 2007. It was registered for production in western Canada due to its good combination of yield, agronomic performance, grain quality traits, and disease resistance. Busby is resistant to the surface-borne smuts (caused by Ustilago spp.) and moderately resistant to the spot form of net blotch (caused by Pyrenophora teres forma maculate Smedge). Busby has shown reactions to scald [caused by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis] similar to the two-rowed cultivar Seebe that has proven to have durable resistance in Alberta, Canada.
Abbreviations: AAFC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada • CDC, Crop Development Centre • CFIA, Canadian Food Inspection Agency • CIMMYT, International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre • FCDC, Field Crop Development Centre • FHB, Fusarium head blight • ICARDA, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas • PRCOB, Prairie Recommending Committee for Oat and Barley • U of S, University of Saskatchewan
‘Busby’ barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. No. CV-343, PI 656596; CFIA Reg. No. 6540; Canadian PBR Appl. No. 08-6470) is a two-rowed, hulled, spring feed barley developed by the Field Crop Development Centre (FCDC). It was tested in Canada as H94034003 in FCDC trials from 2001 to 2005 and as TR06673 in the 2006 and 2007 Western Cooperative Two-Row Barley Registration Tests run under the auspices of the Prairie Recommending Committee for Oat and Barley (PRCOB). It was supported for registration in Canada by the PRCOB in February 2008, and registered in Canada as Busby by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) on 4 Feb. 2009.
Busby is derived from the cross H93089(F1)/‘Seebe’. H93089 was the cross of I92121/‘AC Metcalfe’. I92121 was an introduction to FCDC from the North Dakota State University two-row barley breeding program of Jerry Franckowiak and was a selection from the cross ND7085/ND4994-15//ND7556. AC Metcalfe is a two-rowed, hulled, malting barley developed by Legge et al. (2003). Seebe is a two-rowed, hulled, feed barley developed by Helm et al. (1996) that has had excellent scald resistance under Alberta conditions and high biomass yields for silage.
Methods
The original cross for Busby was made in 1994. The F2 to F6 bulks were grown in the field at Lacombe, AB, Canada, from 1995 to 1999. The bulks were modified by spreading disease-infested straw that had been collected in the previous year from scald [caused by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis]–infested fields in the previous year. The harvested seed was screened over a gravity table to preserve the heavier seed with the speculation that those genotypes within the bulk with better resistance would produce more and heavier seed. Two hundred heads were selected from the 1999 F6 bulk and grown out as individual F7 head rows at Lacombe in 2000. The headrow from which Busby was developed was selected from this population. In 2001 this line was designated as H94034003 and tested in a nonreplicated yield plot at Lacombe.
In 2001 200 heads were selected from the yield test plot, and these formed the basis of the purification increases that were run for removal of variants and to compile detailed descriptions. Each year 200 heads were selected to type, threshed, and grown out as a bulk increase plot in the next year until 2004, when 200 heads were grown out as individual headrows. Heads were picked from each row to provide the source for the Prebreeder headrow nursery that was grown in 2005. All off-type rows were discarded. One hundred ninety-eight F13 Breeder headrows and plots were grown out in 2006, but the plots were lost due to hail. The rows were harvested to be grown in 2007. One hundred ninety-seven F14 rows and plots were harvested and bulked to form the first Breeder seed grown in 2008.
In 2002 and 2003, H94034003 was tested in replicated multisite field tests throughout Alberta. In 2004 and 2005, H94034003 was tested in yield tests across western Canada. Yield, test weight, kernel weight, percentage plump, days to anthesis, days to maturity, height, and lodging of this line were evaluated in these tests. Data from FCDC trials were analyzed using SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Field trial data was analyzed using Proc ANOVA of SAS and kept as valid if test coefficients of variation for yield were less than 15%. Lodging data were assessed at most sites; because significant differential lodging was only noted at five locations, data were entered into the data set for these locations. These data were stored in the Field Crop Dataminer, a customized system for data storage and analyses based on SAS software, so that data could be reanalyzed over locations and years.
H94034004 was sent to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)–Brandon, MB, for field assessment of Fusarium head blight (FHB, predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telemorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch]) using corn residue inoculum at 5 g row–1, net blotch (caused by Pyrenophora spp.), and spot blotch [caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur] in hill plots with inoculated spreader rows. H94034004 was sent to University of Saskatchewan –CDC-Saskatoon for field assessment of spot blotch and net blotch. At Saskatoon, spot blotch infested straw was spread throughout the hill plot nursery. Net blotch was allowed to develop naturally. At AAFC–Lacombe, scald and smut (caused by Ustilago spp.) resistance were assessed. Scald assessments were done in the AAFC–Lacombe inoculated field nursery. Smut assessment was done by field inoculation using the air-brush technique developed by Wolfe et al. (1993) with grow-out of inoculated heads in the growth rooms during the following winter. At the International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)–The International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico, H94034003 was assessed in field nurseries for scald, leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei G. Otth.), stripe rust (caused by P. striiformis Westend, f. sp. hordei Eriks.), and FHB. Scald assessment was done at the Toluca site where inoculation was done by spore suspension. Leaf rust was assessed at the Ciudad Obregón site where inoculation was done by spore suspension application to spreader rows. Stripe rust was assessed at the Toluca, Mexico, site and was dependent on natural inoculation. Fusarium was assessed until 2006 at the Toluca site and thereafter at the El Batán, Mexico, site by inoculation.
Using near infra-red spectroscopy 65000 (FOSS NIRSystems, Inc. Laurel, MD) and calibrations developed by Helm (2006), Helm et al. (2000, 2003), and Temelli and Helm (1999), H94034003 was assessed for grain quality traits of protein, protein digestibility, energy digestibility, digestible energy, lysine, starch, beta-glucan, pentosan, lipid, total fiber, soluble fiber, grain color, pearl color, and pearl rating.
H94034003 was tested for water use efficiency based on grain and biomass production per unit of water applied. Assessments were made by growing plants in pots under a rain-out shelter during the summer time with limited application of water. The experimental design was a three replicate randomized complete block. Five plants of the line were grown per pot, and each pot was considered a plot. At maturity, plants were harvested, dried, and weighed for biomass measurement and then threshed for grain yield. Data were analyzed using Proc GLM of SAS. Assessments were made on a yearly basis from 2004 to 2008; however, the 2005 and 2006 data were discarded due to damage to the trials.
For determination of silage potential, dry matter whole-plant samples were harvested at the soft-dough stage using a small plot silage harvester; subsamples were dried and biomass yield and quality were determined. Protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber traits were measured by wet chemistry at Parkland Laboratories, Red Deer, AB, Canada. Biomass yield assessments were made from 2004 to 2008 from trials grown at Lacombe. Plot layout was a three replicate randomized complete block.
On the basis of these data, H94034003 was entered into the Western Cooperative Two-Row Barley Registration Tests as TR06673 (see Prairie Recommending Committee for Oat and Barley, 2008, for the protocols for the running of the PRCOB cooperative trails). Check cultivars for the tests were established on a yearly basis by the PRCOB. Statistical analyses of these trials were done at the discretion of the test coordinator or evaluation team. Least significant differences at 
= 0.05 were determined by the test coordinator based on their software or calculated based on standard errors of the means provided with the trial results.
Characteristics
Unique Characteristics of Busby
In the multisite tests run by FCDC, Busby was selected on the basis of its multiyear scald resistance similar to its parent Seebe (Table 1
). Since its release in 1992, Seebe has proven to have durable resistance under conditions in Alberta, and incorporation of this resistance into a superior genotype was the intent of the cross H94034. In the 3 yr of FCDC yield trials where Seebe was included as a check cultivar, Busby showed a yield advantage of 10% over Seebe and 6% over AC Metcalfe (Table 2
). Busby reached anthesis and maturity approximately 4 d earlier than Seebe, and while it reached anthesis 2 d earlier than AC Metcalfe, Busby reached maturity at the same time. Kernel weight of Busby was higher than those of Seebe and AC Metcalfe, and test weight of Busby was higher than that of Seebe. Busby was similar in height and lodging resistance to Seebe. Busby was evaluated in 5 yr of testing for biomass dry matter yields at the soft-dough stage (timed to simulate harvest for silage production), and biomass yields were about the same as Seebe.
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Breeder seed of Busby will be maintained by the Field Crop Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, Canada. Application for variety protection has been made for Busby. Before termination of plant breeder's rights or 20 years from deposit in the National Plant Germplasm System, all seed requests should be sent to the corresponding author. Seed deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System will be available for research purposes after plant breeder's rights are terminated or 20 years. Where this cultivar is used as a parent in the development of new cultivars, it is requested that recognition be made of its use. Commercial seed distribution rights of Busby were granted to Mastin Seeds, RR 1 Sundre, AB, Canada, T0M 1X0; Tel: (403) 556-2609; Fax: (403) 507-2609; email: mastinseeds{at}yahoo.com.
Acknowledgments
Funding of the two-row barley breeding program by the Alberta Barley Commission and Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development is gratefully acknowledged. The technical assistance of Susan Lajeunesse, John Bowness, Donna Westling, Lori Oatway, and Timothy Duggan in the development of this cultivar was greatly appreciated. Acknowledgment is also made of the contribution of the late Manuel Cortez in making the original cross, and Drs. Kelly Turkington and Kequan Xi in disease evaluations.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication April 21, 2009.
References
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