| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a INTA EEA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 Km 3, (2580) Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina
b Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616-8515
c Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, INTA, Villa Udaondo, (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
d INTA EEA Bordenave, Zona Rural, (8187) Bordenave, Buenos Aires, Argentina. This project was supported by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Argentina (INTA) grant number PNCER 1331 and BIOCERES SA
* Corresponding author (mhelguera{at}mjuarez.inta.gov.ar).
ABSTRACT
‘BIOINTA 2004’ (Reg. No. CV-1030, PI 655312) is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and released by the Marcos Juárez Experimental Station from the National Wheat Breeding Program of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Argentina. BIOINTA 2004, previously designated R4001, was selected for its excellent grain yield potential, resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) conferred mainly by the Lr47 gene selected by marker assisted selection (MAS), and its good bread-making quality.
Abbreviations: A-PAGE, acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis • BC, backcross • MAS, marker-assisted selection • MLT, multilocation testing • RYT, regional yield trials • SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
‘BIOINTA 2004’ (Reg. No. CV-1030, PI 655312) is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and released by the Marcos Juárez Experimental Station from the National Wheat Breeding Program of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Argentina. BIOINTA 2004, previously designated R4001, was selected for its excellent grain yield potential, resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) conferred mainly by the Lr47 gene present on a 7AS interstitial Triticum speltoides (Tausch) Gren. Ex K. Richt. translocation selected by marker-assisted selection (MAS), and its good bread-making quality. BIOINTA 2004 is adapted to nonirrigated production areas in the humid plains from southern Córdoba and Santa Fé, Buenos Aires, and La Pampa Provinces from Argentina. BIO refers to Bioceres SA, a private company that has exclusivity in the commercialization of the cultivar, INTA refers to the National Institute of Agricultural Technology, which developed the cultivar, and 2004 is the serial number of midmaturity cultivars released under this agreement.
Methods
BIOINTA 2004 was selected from a population derived from four backcrosses (BC) completed in 1998 using ‘ProINTA Puntal’ [pedigree ‘TAM W-101’ (CItr 15324)/‘CENTURK’ (CItr 15075) *3//‘AMIGO’ (PI 578213)] as the recurrent parent and PI 603918 (pedigree ‘Pavon 76’ *8//T7AS-7S#1S-7S#1S/ph1b) as the donor parent of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr47. ProINTA Puntal is a hard red winter wheat developed by W.D. Worrall, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Vernon, TX, introduced to Argentina in 1989. This cultivar had very good agronomic and yield characteristics, and it was widely planted in the humid plains of Argentina until the late 1990s, when it became highly susceptible to leaf rust.
The interstitial translocation line T7AS-7S#1-7S.7AL carrying Lr47 from T. speltoides (Tausch) Green. was originally transferred to bread wheat by irradiating hybrid seed (CI15092/T. speltoides//‘Fletcher’/3/5*Centurk) with fast neutrons (Wells et al., 1982). Interstitial segments of chromosome 7S#1 were transferred to chromosome 7A of hexaploid wheat using the ph1b mutation (Lukaszewski, 1995). The interstitial translocations were backcrossed into the hard white spring variety Pavon 76 (PI 519847), and plants homozygous for the interstitial translocation were released as germplasm PI 603918 (Lukaszewski et al., 2000). The T. speltoides segment is generally transferred as a single linkage block (Helguera et al., 2000). In previous studies, resistance gene Lr47 was shown to be effective against leaf rust races in field trials at University of California, Davis, CA, during 2002. Yield comparison in the absence of leaf rust between isolines with and without the T. speltoides segment carrying Lr47 showed variable responses depending on genotype and environment, but on average, the presence of the alien segment was associated with a 3.8% decrease in yield (Chicaiza et al., 2006; Brevis et al., 2008). The presence of this alien segment was also associated with significant increases in grain protein concentration and reduced milling yield (Brevis et al., 2008).
In the backcrossing program, molecular markers developed by Dubcovsky et al. (1998) and Helguera et al. (2000) were used to select at least four plants with one dose of the T. speltoides segment carrying Lr47 in BC1, BC2, BC3, and BC4 populations (15–20 plants, each population) at Castelar, Buenos Aires. After that, the BC4F2 (50 plants) and BC4F3 (300 plants) were advanced as bulk populations at Marcos Juárez in 1999 and 2000. In 2000, individual plants were inspected and selected on the basis of leaf rust resistance. About 30 BC4F4 head rows were planted at Marcos Juárez in June 2001 as single rows 1 m long, and evaluated in a nonreplicated leaf rust screening nursery. Presence of Lr47 in BC4F4 head rows scored as resistant was confirmed by molecular markers (Helguera et al., 2000).
In 2002, 24 BC4F5 lines resistant to leaf rust selected from the screening nursery all showed the T. speltoides chromosome segment based on molecular markers. These lines were advanced to a nonreplicated observation plot trial at Marcos Juárez (plots were 3.0 m long by 6 rows wide) in June 2002. Grain yields of these nonreplicated experimental lines were calculated as percentage of the check cultivar ProINTA Puntal.
In 2003 and 2004, eight lines were advanced to a multilocation testing (MLT) at Pergamino, Corral de Bustos and Marcos Juárez on the basis of grain yield, resistance to leaf rust, uniformity, and general agronomic appearance. The experimental design of MLT trials at the three locations used a 6 x 7 alpha lattice design with three replications (plots sizes were similar to those described above).
On the basis of grain yield, the experimental line R4001 was advanced to regional yield trials (RYT) grown in the provinces of Buenos Aires (four locations), Córdoba (two locations), and Entre Ríos and Chaco (one location, each) in 2004, 2005, and 2006 under rainfed conditions. The RYT trials at all locations used 6 x 8 (2004 and 2005) and 6 x 7 (2006) alpha lattice designs with three replications each (plot size was 5.0 m long by 7 rows wide). Seeding rates were standardized based on seed size to 300 seeds m–2.
Days to heading was measured on RYT trials at Marcos Juárez as the number of days from emergence until 50% of the spikes emerged from the boot. Plant height (in centimeters) was measured at maturity as the average length of the stems from the soil to the tip of the spike, excluding the awns.
Resistance to leaf rust of BIOINTA 2004 and check cultivars was evaluated using 19- 20 races by the Cereal Disease Laboratory in INTA Bordenave during 2005, 2006, and 26 races during 2007. For each race, seedlings were inoculated according to Long and Kolmer (1989). Leaf rust severity was evaluated using a scale of 0 to 4 according to Stakman et al. (1962).
Seed harvested in 2004, 2005, and 2006 in RYT trials at Marcos Juárez (unreplicated samples) was analyzed for milling and bread-baking properties using standard American Association of Cereal Chemists (2000) methods at the Wheat Quality Laboratory in INTA Marcos Juárez (AACC 26-21A for milling, AACC 55-10 for volume weight, AACC 39-25 for protein concentration, AACC 54-30 A for Chopin Alveograph, and AACC 10-10B for bread baking). High molecular weight glutenin subunit composition of BIOINTA 2004 was determined by SDS-PAGE as described by Lawrence and Shepherd (1980). Gliadins and secalins were separated by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE, aluminum lactate buffer, pH 3.1), according to Khan et al. (1985).
Characteristics
Agronomic and Botanical Description
BIOINTA 2004 (R4001) has a semiprostrate growth habit with erect flag leaf. The spikes are long (more than 95 mm) and yellow, with erect position at maturity and lax density. The glumes are yellowish, large (9 mm), and wide, with a straight shoulder shape. The kernel is ovoid, amber, with a medium brush.
Data from the 2004 to 2006 RYT trials at Marcos Juárez, Córdoba (32°42' S, 62°07' W), showed BIOINTA 2004 to have an average plant height of 73 cm and to take 115 d from emergence to heading. Comparisons of these values to other frequently grown varieties in Argentina are presented in Table 1 . BIOINTA 2004 showed a high vernalization requirement, confirming its winter nature. BIOINTA 2004 is uniform for plant type without obvious phenotypic variants and has remained stable during five generations of evaluation, 2003 to 2007.
|
|
|
Milling and Baking Quality
SDS-PAGE results show that BIOINTA 2004 has the Glu-A1b, Glu-B1b, Glu-D1d alleles combination (2*/7+8/5+10 subunits). The presence of 1RS diagnostic A-PAGE bands indicates that BIOINTA 2004 carries the same 1AL/1RS wheat–rye translocation present in the recurrent parent ProINTA Puntal (coming from AMIGO).
Both milling and baking quality scores of BIOINTA 2004 were very good according to wheat quality standards in Argentina (test weight >79 kg hL–1; protein concentration in grain >11%; alveogram W 340–600; loaf volume >800 cm3) (Cuniberti, 2004).
The average test weight of BIOINTA 2004 (76.1 kg hL–1) was slightly lower than ProINTA Puntal (77.1 kg hL–1), whereas its average grain protein concentration (127 g kg–1) was higher than ProINTA Puntal (124 g kg–1). BIOINTA 2004 flour yield (670 g kg–1) was slightly lower than ProINTA Puntal (683 g kg–1). The differences in these three parameters between BIOINTA 2004 and ProINTA Puntal are consistent with those reported by other pairs of isogenic lines that differ in the Lr47 segment (Brevis et al., 2008), but they were not significantly different (P > 0.05, ANOVA using year-locations as blocks) likely due to the limited number of replications. Other quality parameters for BIOINTA 2004 and their comparison with the recurrent parent ProINTA Puntal and other check varieties are shown in Table 4 .
|
Seeds of BIOINTA 2004 are under a Plant Variety Protection agreement for 20 years from the date of its registration in INASE. Seed requests for research and crosses should be sent to the corresponding author during the period of protection by the a Plant Variety Protection agreement. Seed of this release is deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System, where it will be available after the expiration of the Plant Variety Protection.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Adam Lukaszewski (University of California, Riverside) for the T7AS-7S#1-7S.7AL translocation line. J. Dubcovsky acknowledges support from USDA-CSREES CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication December 18, 2008.
References
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
