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Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, Univ. of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793-0748
* Corresponding author (wdbranch{at}uga.edu).
ABSTRACT
‘Georgia-08V’ (Reg. No. CV-105, PI 655573) is a new high-yielding, high-oleic, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)–resistant, large-seeded, virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2008. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia-08V originated from a cross made between ‘C-99R’ x ‘Georgia Hi-O/L’. Pedigree selection was practiced within the F2, F3, and F4 generations. Performance testing began in the F4:6 generation with the advanced pure-line selection, GA 012535, the experimental designation of Georgia-08V. Averaged over 38 multilocation tests conducted in Georgia during 2004 to 2007, Georgia-08V had significantly less TSWV disease incidence, higher yield and percentage extra-large kernels (ELK), larger seed size, and greater dollar value return per hectare compared with the check cultivars, Gregory, Perry, and NC-V 11. Georgia-08V also had significantly higher yield, ELK percentage, and dollar value than Georgia Hi-O/L and was also found to have the largest seed size of all of the virginia-type cultivars tested, including ‘Georgia-05E’.
Abbreviations: ELK, extra-large kernels • FSIS, federal-state inspection services • L, low linoleic • O, high oleic • TSMK, total sound mature kernels • TSWV, Tomato spotted wilt virus
‘Georgia-08V’ (Reg. No. CV-105, PI 655573) is a high-yielding, high-oleic, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)–resistant, large-seeded, virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2008. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA, and tested experimentally as GA 012535.
Georgia-08V is intended for the same U.S. domestic market as other virginia-type peanut cultivars. It was developed by conventional breeding and did not involve any genetically modified organisms.
Georgia-08V was selected from a cross made between ‘C-99R’ (Gorbet and Shokes, 2002) and ‘Georgia Hi-O/L’ (Branch, 2000). C-99R (Reg. No. CV-71, PI 613135) is a large-seeded, runner-type cultivar with resistance to TSWV, stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.), and late leaf spot [caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Deighton]. Georgia Hi-O/L (PI 607836) is a virginia-type cultivar with TSWV resistance and with a high-oleic (O) and low-linoleic (L) fatty acid ratio in the oil of peanut seed.
The high O/L trait provides for longer shelf-life of the large-seeded, virginia-type peanut cultivars for either roasted or salted inshell processing and storage (Mozingo et al., 2004). Based on the study by Mozingo et al. (2004), high-oleic, virginia-type peanut cultivars were shown to increase shelf-life by eightfold (32 vs. 4 wk) for roasted inshell to 20-fold (40 vs. 2 wk) for salted inshell peanut storage before an unacceptable level of oil oxidation occurs compared with normal-oleic, virginia-type peanut cultivars. Consequently, the high-oleic trait is very desirable especially for virginia-type peanut cultivars, which are typically stored inshell before consumption.
Methods
Georgia-08V was developed using the pedigree selection method for peanut breeding (Knauft et al., 1987). F1 seed were space-planted approximately 122 cm apart in one-row plots, 6.1 m long by 1.8 m wide at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station research farm. F2 seed were space-planted the following year approximately 30 cm apart in two-row plots, 24.4 m long by 1.8 m wide. Individual plant selections were made based on high-oleic oil chemistry, pod shape, seed size, testa color, growth habit, maturity, pod yield, and grade characteristics. During these early-segregating generations (F2–F4), individual plants were selected for TSWV resistance.
F3 seed were also space-planted approximately 30 cm apart in two-row plots, 6.1 m long by 1.8 m wide. Individual plant selections were again made based on the same selection criteria as in the F2 population.
F4 seed were likewise space-planted approximately 30 cm apart in two-row plots, 6.1 m long by 1.8 m wide. Individual plant selections were also made based on the same F2 and F3 selection criteria.
The F4:5 progeny rows were space-planted approximately 30 cm apart in two-row plots, 6.1 m long by 1.8 m wide. Progeny rows were selected based on the same selection criteria as used during the early generations. Individual progeny rows were bulked as pure lines for subsequent preliminary yield tests. Georgia-08V was designated as GA 012535 for further testing.
Yield and other agronomic traits were evaluated using replicated field trials conducted for 4 yr (2004–2007) at three locations in Georgia. All tests were arranged in randomized complete block designs. Grade data were obtained following federal sate inspection service procedures for farmer stock peanut samples (Agricultural Marketing Service, 1998). Plots consisted of two-rows 6.1 m long by 1.8 m wide with row spacing 0.8 m within rows and 1.0 m between rows on adjacent plots. Thirty-eight total tests were planted between mid-April and mid-May at 6 seed 30.5 cm–1 during the 4-yr comparisons. Production practices included conventional tillage, fertilization, recommended pesticides and rates, irrigated, and nonirrigated. The field trials were in a 3-yr rotation following cotton (Gossypium ssp.) and corn (Zea mays L.). Entries were dug near optimum maturity each year based on hull-scrape determination from adjacent border plots (Williams and Drexler, 1981).
Percentages (0–100%) of total TSWV disease incidence were scored before digging each test. A disease hit equaled one or more symptomatic plants within a 30.5-cm section of row.
After digging and picking, pods were dried with forced warm air to 6% moisture. Pod samples were then hand-cleaned over a screen table before weighing for yield, shelling, and grading. In the grading process, total sound mature kernels (TSMK) equal the sum of sound mature kernels and sound splits. Sound mature kernels equals the percentage of sound mature seed excluding damaged and split seed riding a minimum virginia slotted screen size of 5.95 mm in width. Dollar values were calculated on USDA peanut loan schedules for each crop year and were based on yield and grade factors to obtain a gross dollar value return per hectare.
Data for each variable were statistically analyzed by analyses of variance. Waller–Duncan's Baysean t-test (k-ratio = 100) was used for mean separation involving three or more entries (Tables 1–3
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Georgia-08V is a large-seeded, U.S. virginia market–type peanut cultivar belonging to subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea (Hammons, 1973; Krapovickas and Gregory, 2007). Similar to all other virginia-type cultivars, it differs from the runner market–type cultivars that also belong to the same subspecies and botanical variety by having larger pod and seed size.
Georgia-08V is similar to the virginia cultivar Georgia-05E (Branch, 2006) in having a significantly (P 
0.05) higher pod yield and higher extra-large kernel (ELK) grade percentage (Table 1) than Georgia Hi-O/L, ‘Gregory’ (Isleib et al., 1999), ‘Perry’ (Isleib et al., 2003), and ‘NC-V 11’ (Wynne et al., 1991). However, it is distinctively different from Georgia-05E and these other virginia-type cultivars in having a significantly larger seed weight (Table 1). Georgia-08V, Georgia-05E, and Georgia Hi-O/L were also found to have less TSWV disease incidence and higher dollar value return per hectare than the other virginia types when averaged across 4 yr and 38 tests at three locations in Georgia.
During 2006, Georgia-08V was also included in the Uniform Peanut Performance Tests conducted in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Texas, South Carolina, and Virginia (Branch et al., 2007). Averaged across all U.S. test locations, Georgia-08V was found to be among the highest in pod yield. Thus, Georgia-08V has a wide range of adaptability among these eight peanut-producing states.
Averaged across 14 field tests conducted in Georgia during 4 yr (2004–2007), Georgia-08V was found to have among the greatest percentage of U.S. large fancy pod size distribution using federal-state inspection services (FSIS) pod presizer (Table 2). After pod presizing, the same pod samples were shelled according to FSIS standard procedures (Agricultural Marketing Service, 1998) to determine shelling outturns. Georgia-08V and Georgia-05E were again found to have the greatest percentage of ELK grade compared with Georgia Hi-O/L, NC-V 11, Gregory, and Perry. However, Georgia-08V was found to be similar to Georgia Hi-O/L in percentage of sound mature kernels, sound splits, other kernels, damaged kernels, total meat, and total hull contents.
Georgia-08V is similar to Georgia-05E and Georgia Hi-O/L in having the high O/L fatty acid ratio oil quality trait for longer shelf-life (Mozingo et al., 2004). Georgia-08V also has significantly higher percentage of oleic fatty acid (83.79 vs. 82.96 and 80.29, P 0.05) compared with these other two virginia-type peanut cultivars (Georgia Hi-O/L and Georgia-05E, respectively) when averaged over 2 yr (2006–2007) and four trials in south Georgia. However, the greatest shelf-life difference has previously been shown between high-oleic and normal-oleic, virginia-type peanut cultivars (Mozingo et al., 2004).
Availability
U.S. Plant Variety Protection (PVP) is pending for Georgia-08V. Breeder seed of Georgia-08V will be maintained by the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, GA. Foundation seed stock will be available from the Georgia Seed Development Commission, 2420 S. Milledge Ave., Athens, GA 30605. Small quantities of seed may be obtained from the corresponding author for at least five years for research purposes only. Recipients of seed are asked to make appropriate recognition of the source if Georgia-08V is used in the development of a new cultivar or germplasm line.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication November 17, 2008.
References
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