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a USDA-ARS, Corn and Soybean Research Unit, and Dep. of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State Univ., Wooster, OH 44691
b Dep. of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State Univ., Wooster, OH 44691
* Corresponding author (mian.3{at}osu.edu).
ABSTRACT
‘Prohio’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV-497, PI 643146) was developed jointly by the USDA-ARS and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) in Wooster, OH, and was released as a high-yielding maturity group IV (relative maturity 4.1) non–Roundup Ready cultivar with relatively high seed protein. Prohio is a selection from a cross between HC94-81PR x ‘A2506’. Both in the 2004 northern Regional Preliminary Test IV and in the 2005 northern Regional Uniform Test IV, Prohio had the greatest seed protein, while its oil content was slightly above the average for these tests. In South Region normal varieties evaluation of 2005 Ohio Soybean Performance Trials, Prohio had higher yields than all other public varieties in the test and had numerically highest seed protein among all lines in the trial. Prohio is a relatively high protein soybean cultivar with high yield potential, particularly in southern Ohio.
Abbreviations: OARDC, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
Semidwarf soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars are specially adapted to highly productive environments where lodging frequently is a barrier to high soybean yields for the taller indeterminate cultivars (Cooper, 1981, 1985). In the face of external competition from other soybean exporting countries (e.g., Brazil and Argentina) and internal competition from other commodity crops, the U.S. soybean needs not only increased yield but also improved compositional quality (Durham, 2003). The soybean meal usually accounts for 50 to 75% of total soybean value and is valued primarily for its protein quantity and quality. A recent United Soybean Board report projected a doubling of the volume of soybean meal demand and export by 2020. Development of high-yielding soybean lines with high-protein content is a target for many breeders in the United States. The major hurdle in increasing seed protein of soybean is its negative correlation with seed yield and oil concentration (Burton, 1987).
Soybean cultivar Prohio (Reg. No. CV-497, PI 643146) was identified as a high-yielding F4–derived F5 line selected from a superior F2–derived F4 line using a modified early generation testing breeding procedure (Cooper, 1990) from the cross HC94-81PR x A2506. The modified early generation testing procedure reduces the number of yield plots required per cross by nearly 10 times compared with the early generation testing procedure described by Boerma and Cooper (1975). HC94-81PR is a determinate semidwarf breeding line developed by USDA-ARS and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC).
Materials and Methods
The Cross and Pedigree of Parents
Prohio is a high-yielding F4–derived F5 line selected from a superior F2–derived F4 line using an early generation testing breeding procedure from a cross between HC94-81PR x A2506. HC94-81PR is a determinate semidwarf breeding line developed by USDA-ARS/OARDC from the cross, ‘Charleston’ x ‘Sprite 87’. Charleston is a line from the cross HC74-634RE x HC78-676 (Cooper et al., 1995). HC74-634RE is from the cross ‘Williams’ x ‘Ransom’. HC78-676 is from the cross L70T-543G x L74D-619. L70T-453G is an indeterminate line from the cross L15 x ‘Amsoy 71’ (Probst et al., 1972). Sprite 87 (Cooper et al., 1991) was developed by backcrossing the Rps1k gene from ‘Williams 82’ (Bernard and Cremeens, 1988) into ‘Sprite’ (Cooper et al., 1990). A2506 is a high-yielding indeterminate line from Asgrow.
Evaluation of Agronomic Performance
After 2 yr (2002–2003) of preliminary evaluation (data not shown) in Wooster, OH, Prohio (designated as HC01-289) was entered in the 2004 northern Regional Preliminary Test (Abney, 2004) and in 2005 it was entered in the northern Regional Uniform Test IV (Abney, 2005). Prohio (designated as HC01-289) was entered in the 2005 Ohio Soybean Performance Trials in its South Regional conventional variety evaluation tests (Beuerlein et al., 2005). The seed protein and oil data were obtained using near infrared transmittance and reported on a dry weight basis (Abney, 2004; Beuerlein et al., 2005). Analyses of variance for experimental data from each year were conducted by using PROC GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, 2002). Years and genotypes were considered as fixed effects, and replications within year as random effects. Means were separated using the least significant difference (LSD) at P = 0.05 if their effects were found to be significant in the ANOVA.
Results and Discussion
The comparatively high seed-protein content of Prohio was evident from the northern Regional Tests. The seed protein of this line was measured in five locations in 2004 in the northern Regional Preliminary Test IV (Abney, 2004). The average seed-protein of Prohio was 429 g kg–1 against the average seed protein of 402 g kg–1 for all other entries in the test (Table 1 ). The average seed protein of Prohio in this test was significantly higher than all other (19) entries in the test (Abney, 2004). Prohio had the highest seed protein (457 g kg–1) in the South Charleston, OH, location, where it was also the second highest in seed-yield (Abney, 2004). The average seed oil of Prohio was 202 g kg–1, which was the second highest in the test; the average of all other entries in the test was 201 g kg–1 (Table 1). Seed yield of Prohio was the same as the check cultivars (Table 1), and no entry in the test had significantly higher seed yield than Prohio (Abney, 2004). Averaged over seven locations of the 2005 northern Regional Uniform Test IV, Prohio again had the highest seed protein (439 g kg–1) in the test (Table 2 ; Abney, 2005), significantly higher than all other entries except LS00-4221 (Abney, 2005). The highest seed protein (466 g kg–1) for Prohio was recorded in Lafayette, IN (Abney, 2005). The seed oil (210 g kg–1) of Prohio was also significantly higher than the average (203 g kg–1) for all entries in the test (Table 2).
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Prohio has shown high yield potential, particularly in southern Ohio. The seed protein of Prohio does not appear to have any negative impact on its oil content. Such results are somewhat exceptional, because percentage of seed protein of soybean generally has negative correlation with seed yield and oil concentration (Burton, 1987).
Availability
The USDA-ARS will not increase and distribute seeds of Prohio to growers. Seeds were increased by The Ohio Foundation Seeds in 2006 and released to the certified seed producers in 2007. Each agency will be responsible for its own advertisement and marketing. Breeder seed of this material will be deposited in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection at Urbana, IL, and in the National Plant Germplasm System in Fort Collins, CO, from where it will be available for research purposes. Appropriate recognition should be made if this material contributes to the development of new breeding line or cultivar. No application for U.S. Plant Variety Protection will be made for Prohio.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication September 26, 2007.
References
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