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CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Maverick’ Oat

^a USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, 1691 S. 2700 W., Aberdeen, ID 83210
^b Montana State Univ., Dep. of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 173150, Bozeman, MT 59717
^c Colorado State Univ., San Luis Valley Research Center, 0249 East Road 9 North, Center, CO 81125
^d 615 Calder Ave., American Falls, ID 83431
^e Univ. of Idaho Tetonia Res. & Ext. Ctr., Tetonia, ID 83436

^* Corresponding author (Charles.Erickson{at}ars.usda.gov).

ABSTRACT

‘Maverick’ spring oat (Avena sativa L.) (Reg. No. CV-375, PI 652940) was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) and jointly released in 2007 by the USDA-ARS, the Idaho AES, the Montana AES, and the Colorado AES. Maverick derives from the cross 80Ab988/‘Monida’ made in 1984 at Aberdeen, ID. Maverick was developed using a modified bulk selection program and selected as an F_5:6 head row at Aberdeen, ID, in 1990 and was given the selection designation of 90Ab1322. Maverick is a short-strawed oat cultivar suited to irrigated and higher moisture areas in Colorado, Idaho, and Montana. It is a white hulled, high-protein type favored in the equine industry.

Abbreviations: AES, Agricultural Experiment Station

‘Maverick’ spring oat (Avena sativa L.) (Reg. No. CV-375, PI 652940) was developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS and the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station (AES). It was jointly released by the USDA-ARS, the Idaho AES, the Montana AES, and the Colorado AES in 2007. Maverick is a short-strawed oat cultivar suited to irrigated and higher moisture areas in Montana, Idaho, and Colorado with a grain yield competitive with the highest-yielding cultivars presently grown in these areas of the three states. Also, Maverick is a white-hulled, high-protein type favored in the equine industry. The name Maverick was chosen as a term associated with ranch life.

Maverick derives from the cross 80Ab988 (PI 578241)/‘Monida’ (Wesenberg et al., 1988).

Methods

Maverick was developed using a modified bulk selection program. The cross was made in 1984 at Aberdeen, ID. F₁ and F₂ populations were increased as bulks in 1985 and 1986 at Aberdeen; heads were selected from the F₂ population and then increased as head rows (single-head selections) through the F₅ generation the following years. The rows were selected on general agronomic characteristics such as panicle type, height, tillering, maturity, and lodging resistance; heads from the rows were then selected for lemma color and panicle type. There was no selection for disease or insect resistance because of the absence or low incidence of oat pathogens or insect pests at Aberdeen. Maverick was selected as a F_5:6 (F₅–derived line in the F₆ generation) head row at Aberdeen in 1990 and given the selection designation 90Ab1322.

Maverick was tested in Uniform Northwestern States Oat Nursery from 1993 through 2002. It was grown in replicated trials at Aberdeen, ID, under irrigation from 1992 through 2001 and in irrigated and rainfed trials at Tetonia, ID, from 1993 through 2002. Maverick was tested in the Montana Oat trials from 1996 through 2005 (Hensleigh, 2003, 2006) under irrigation or high-moisture rainfed conditions at Bozeman (8 yr), Huntley (7 yr), Sydney (9 yr), and Kalispell (9 yr); and under rainfed trials at Havre (9 yr), Huntley (9 yr), Moccasin (9 yr), and Sydney (9 yr). Maverick was in the Colorado Oat Performance trials from 1998 through 2006 at Center (7 yr), Fruita (1 yr), and Yellow Jacket (2 yr). The experimental design at each location was a randomized complete block with either three or four replicates. Soil fertility was managed according to soil test results and recommendations for yield goals appropriate for the site based on site characteristics, including considerations of production histories, anticipated water availability, and avoidance of excessive lodging. All plots were sown with small-plot drills. Plot length varied from 2.4 to 3.3 m (consistent within any given trial). Plots in the Idaho trials consisted of four rows on 36-cm centers, and those in Colorado and Montana consisted of seven rows on 18-cm centers.

After harvest, the yield of whole oats was measured by weighing, and test weight was determined. Kernels were dehulled with an impact type dehuller. Kernel and groat weights were determined on 100-grain samples. Quality characteristics including protein, β-glucan, and oil content were evaluated at the USDA Cereal Crops Research Unit at Madison, WI. The intact groats were analyzed for protein and oil by near infrared transmittance (Peterson, 1991). β-glucan was analyzed by the Calcofluor method (Peterson, 1991). Protein, oil, and β-glucan data were single determinations for each sample and were reported on a dry basis.

Data were analyzed by Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet software (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) using various statistical models, and formulas added for coefficient of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Typical models included cultivar, locations, years, cultivar x locations, and cultivar x years as sources of variance, with all sources of variance considered random except for cultivar.

Characteristics

Maverick is a midseason, short spring oat with excellent yield potential under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. Juvenile plant growth is erect, and immature foliage is blue-green in color. Panicles are equilateral and spreading. Leaf sheath, leaf margins, and culm internodes are glabrous. Glumes are white with few white, straight awns. Under certain environmental conditions, less than 0.1% of the awns can be black. Kernels of Maverick are typically short to midlong, plump, and white to light cream in color and similar in shape to ‘Ajay’ (PI 537436).

Maverick has a good grain yield record in Idaho and other locations in the western United States. In 18 location-years of testing in irrigated trials at Aberdeen and Tetonia, ID, from 1993 to 2001 (Table 1 ), Maverick had a grain yield of 6861 kg ha^–1, similar to ‘Powell’ (PI 605473) and Monida. Maverick also was equal to Powell and Monida in rainfed trials at Tetonia at 3548 kg ha^–1 in 1993 to 2002 (Table 2 ). Under both irrigated and rainfed conditions in Montana from 1996 to 2005, Maverick yielded 6025 and 2880 kg ha^–1, respectively (Table 3 ). This was equal to Monida and significantly better than ‘Otana’ (Wesenberg et al., 1978). Maverick equaled Powell and Monida at 6134 kg ha^–1 in the Colorado Spring Oat Trials from 1998 to 2006 (Table 4 ). In 107 location-years of testing, Maverick equaled or exceeded the grain yield of the best cultivars in the trials. Maverick also showed good forage production, equaling the best cultivars in 4 yr of testing in Colorado (Table 4).

Maverick is equal in seed size to Monida and Otana with a slightly smaller groat percentage (Table 5 ). It had a higher percentage protein than Monida but lower than Otana. It was slightly lower in β-glucan than both Monida and Otana and was between the two in percentage oil.

Initial Breeder seed of Maverick was grown as a drill strip at Aberdeen in 1999 and was further increased at the University of Idaho Tetonia Research and Extension Center, Tetonia, ID, in 2000. Foundation seed was increased by the Montana and Idaho Foundation Seed Services and was available in 2003. The Colorado, Montana, and Idaho Agricultural Experiment Stations will maintain Breeder and Foundation seed of Maverick. Requests for foundation seed should be directed to the Director, Montana Foundation Seed Stocks Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717. It is requested that appropriate recognition of source be given when this cultivar contributes to research or development of a new breeding line or cultivar. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author.

Footnotes

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Received for publication March 3, 2008.

References

• Hensleigh, P. 2003. Montana oat variety performance bulletin 1996–2002. Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
• Hensleigh, P. 2006. Montana oat variety performance bulletin 1999–2005. Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
• Konzak, C.F., G.W. Bruehl, H.M. Austenson, P.C. Crandall, and K.J. Morrison. 1968. Registration of Cayuse oats. Crop Sci. 8:399.[Free Full Text]
• Peterson, D.M. 1991. Genotype and environment effects on oat beta-glucan concentration. Crop Sci. 31:1517–1520.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Rossnagel, B.G., and R.S. Bhatty. 1988. Release of Derby oat. Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
• Wesenberg, D.M., R.M. Hayes, and F.C. Petr. 1978. Registration of Otana oats. Crop Sci. 18:693.[Free Full Text]
• Wesenberg, D.M., V.R. Stewart, and J.C. Whitmore. 1988. Registration of ‘Monida’ oat. Crop Sci. 28:374.[Free Full Text]

This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Erickson, C. A. Articles by Whitmore, J. C. PubMed Articles by Erickson, C. A. Articles by Whitmore, J. C. Agricola Articles by Erickson, C. A. Articles by Whitmore, J. C.