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Crop Development Centre, Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
* Corresponding author (aaron.beattie{at}usask.ca).
ABSTRACT
‘CDC Lophy-I’ (Reg. No. CV-339, PI 653112; CN 111360; CFIA Reg. No. 6335; Canadian PBR Appl. No. 06–5470) is a two-rowed spring hulless feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. CDC Lophy-I was tested as SR03044 in CDC yield trials from 2003 to 2004 before being evaluated from 2004 to 2005 in the Western Canadian Hulless Barley Cooperative Tests as HB379. CDC Lophy-I is the first commercial barley variety containing the lpa3-1 gene, which results in a 60 to 65% reduction in seed phytate compared with conventional barley varieties. This is the lowest seed phytate content of any currently registered barley variety worldwide. Additionally, CDC Lophy-I combines good kernel weight and strong straw with low Fusarium head blight (incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) deoxynivalenol accumulation and resistance to loose smut [incited by Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr.].
Abbreviations: AAFC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada • CDC, Crop Development Centre • CRC, Cereal Research Centre • DON, deoxynivalenol • FHB, Fusarium head blight • RCBD, randomized complete block design
‘CDC Lophy-I’ (Reg. No. CV-339, PI 653112; CN 111360; CFIA Reg. No. 6335; Canadian PBR Appl. No. 06–5470) is a two-rowed spring hulless feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. CDC Lophy-I was tested as SR03044 in CDC yield trials from 2003 to 2004 before being evaluated from 2004 to 2005 in the Western Canadian Hulless Barley Cooperative Tests as HB379. CDC Lophy-I was granted registration on 18 Sept. 2007 by the Variety Registration Office, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
CDC Lophy-I is intended for production in western Canada and is targeted as a feed for the hog industry. It demonstrates acceptable agronomic performance for yield, threshability, maturity, plant height, straw strength, test weight, kernel weight, and grain plumpness. CDC Lophy-I also shows resistance to loose smut [incited by Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr.] and low Fusarium head blight (FHB; incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. The most distinguishing characteristic of CDC Lophy-I is the 60 to 65% reduction in seed phytate, resulting in greater phosphorous availability for monogastric animals and improved mineral uptake and growth performance (Veum et al., 2002). The mutation responsible for this phenotype is associated with the lpa3-1 gene located on barley chromosome 1HL (Roslinsky et al., 2007) and compensates for the reduced phytate level with a molar-equivalent increase in free (inorganic) phosphorous (Dorsch et al., 2003). This is the first barley variety incorporating the lpa3-1 gene, which produces a greater reduction in seed phytate than the previously registered low-phytate barley cultivars Herald (Bregitzer et al., 2007) and Clearwater (Bregitzer et al., 2008).
CDC Lophy-I originated from the initial cross M2-635/‘CDC Freedom.’ M2-635 originated from a low-phytate M2 selection developed at the USDA-ARS (Aberdeen, ID) derived from chemically mutagenized (sodium azide) ‘Harrington’ barley, which was subsequently crossed once to nonmutagenized Harrington (Dorsch et al., 2003). Harrington is a CDC spring two-rowed malting barley cultivar derived from ‘Klages’/S7211 (Harvey and Rossnagel, 1984), Klages being a two-rowed spring malting barley cultivar developed by USDA-ARS at Aberdeen, ID (Wesenberg et al., 1974), and S7211 being a two-rowed spring barley breeding line developed by the CDC. CDC Freedom is a spring two-rowed hulless feed cultivar (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1998) developed at the CDC and derived from the cross ‘AC Oxbow’/SB88579. AC Oxbow is a spring two-rowed malting barley cultivar developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)-Cereal Research Centre (CRC) at Winnipeg, MB (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2008), and SB88579 is a spring two-rowed barley breeding line developed by the CDC.
Methods
Four backcrosses were made to CDC Freedom (in the greenhouse) after the initial cross, with the final backcross occurring in 2000. For each backcross, 10 to 12 BCxF1 plants were crossed to CDC Freedom. Once parental BCxF1 plants set seed, they were tested for the low-phytate phenotype as described by Raboy et al. (2000) using a colorimetric assay (Chen et al., 1956). Only F1 plants derived from parents with the low-phytate phenotype were retained for the next round of backcrossing. The BC4F1 was grown during the winter of 2000–2001 in a New Zealand nursery with the BC4F2 generation grown as a bulk plot at Saskatoon in the summer of 2001. The BC4F3 was grown in the greenhouse over the winter of 2001–2002, with seed harvested from individual plants within the BC4F4 generation grown as single hill plots (10 seeds/hill) at Saskatoon in the summer of 2002. A single BC4F4 hill was selected, tested for the low-phytate phenotype, and bulked to form the next generation. The BC4F5 was again grown as a bulk plot in the New Zealand nursery in the winter of 2002–2003 to increase seed for subsequent trials.
The BC4F6 generation was tested as SR03044 in three replicate yield trials at six locations during summer 2003 to evaluate performance. Trials were grown as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at a seeding rate of 1400 seeds per 1.2- by 3.7-m plot. Assessment criteria included grain yield, plant height, straw strength, and the physical grain characteristics kernel weight, test weight, and plumpness. SR03044 was also included in disease screening nurseries to evaluate reactions to net-form net blotch (incited by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechs.), scald [incited by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis)], loose smut, spot blotch [incited by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayshi) Drechs. Ex Datur.] and wheat stem rust (incited by Puccinia graminis Pers.).
SR03044 was grown again in 2004 in three replicate yield trials in an RCBD at six locations; Kernen Crop Research Farm, Saskatoon, SK, Plant Sciences Campus Plots, Saskatoon, SK, Goodale Crop Research Farm, Floral, SK, Scott, SK, Neapolis, AB, and Brandon, MB. SR03044 was evaluated for the same traits as in 2003. SR03044 was entered into the 2004 Western Canadian Hulless Barley Cooperative Test under the designation HB379. HB379 was tested in three replicate RCBD experiments at 18 locations across western Canada. HB379 was evaluated for the same agronomic, kernel and disease traits as previously noted and also tested for reaction to covered smut [incited by Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lagerh.], false loose smut (incited by Ustilago nigra Tapke), spot-form net blotch (incited by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata Drechs.) and for FHB/DON accumulation. Agronomic data for individual experiments were analyzed using an RCBD model with replicates considered random and entries considered as fixed factors. Similarly, analyses across locations were performed with entries and locations as fixed factors, using replicates nested within locations. All analyses, both individual and across locations, were performed using p values of 10%. HB379 was tested again in the 2005 Western Canadian Hulless Barley Cooperative Test at 16 locations and evaluated as in 2004. Seed phytate content of HB379 was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography as described by Newkirk and Classen (1998) from single replicate trials grown at the Kernen Crop Research Farm, Saskatoon, SK, from 2005 to 2007.
Characteristics
Distinguishing Characteristics of CDC Lophy-I
Grain yield of CDC Lophy-I was lower than the checks in both the 2004 and 2005 Western Hulless Barley Cooperative Tests (Table 1
). However, CDC Lophy-I demonstrated similar performance to the checks for other agronomic traits except for an improvement in kernel weight when compared to the hulless checks (Table 2
).
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CDC Lophy-I is medium-tall with stems that have medium thickness and strong waxy bloom. The neck shows slight curvature with a V-shaped collar. Spikes are semi-erect and parallel, of medium density and long with pronounced waxy bloom. Sterile spikelets show a weakly divergent attitude. The medium to long rachis is glabrous with medium to strong curvature. Glumes are mid-long with long hairs restricted to the middle vein. Glume awns are rough and equal to the glume in length with a purplish color. Lemma awns are of equal or greater length than the spike, semismooth, purplish at the tips, and possess a few barbs along the length of the lateral veins.
The kernels of CDC Lophy-I are wide and long with a white aleurone. The rachilla is long and possesses long hairs.
Availability
Breeder seed of CDC Lophy-I was produced from 89 BC4F4–derived F9 single plant-derived rows grown during 2005 and 2006 at Saskatoon. The Crop Development Centre, Pedigreed Seed Production Unit, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S4N 5A8 will maintain Breeder seed in bulk. Samples of the Breeder lines will be kept in storage to reproduce basic Breeder seed if and when required. No seed will be distributed without written permission for 20 years from the date of publication in the Journal of Plant Registrations by the Crop Development Centre, at which time seed will also be available from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Farm Pure Seeds Inc., 418B McDonald St., Regina, SK, S4N 6E1, has been designated the Canadian Pedigreed seed distributor and will be responsible for administering Pedigreed seed and commercial grain production.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank V. Raboy and D.M. Wesenberg (USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, Aberdeen, ID) for providing seed of M2-635 used in the development of CDC Lophy-I.
Footnotes
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Received for publication February 14, 2008.
References
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