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CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Georganic’ Peanut

^a USDA-ARS
^b University of Georgia, Dep. of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Exp. Station, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793

^* Corresponding author (Corley.Holbrook{at}ars.usda.gov).

‘Georganic’ (Reg. No. CV-100, PI 648033) is a runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that was released by the USDA-ARS and the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2006. It was developed at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA, and was tested under the experimental designation C11-2-39.

Georganic originated from a cross of PI 203396 and the AgraTech cultivar GK 7. The original population was advanced to the F₄ using single seed descent. Individual F₄ plants were harvested and the population was subjected to selection pressure for resistance to late leaf spot [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton] and spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) for the next three generations. During this same time, the population was also subjected to selection for desirable pod shape, seed size, growth habit, maturity, high yield, and grade characteristics.

Georganic is a runner market-type in seed and pod size. It has a spreading runner growth habit with an erect mainstem that is prominent throughout the growing season and at harvest. It is a late maturity class peanut, with about 150 d needed for optimal maturity. It has a high level of resistance to TSWV, early (Cercosporidium arachidicola Hori), and late leaf spot. Georganic has been reported to have a much lower final intensity of spotted wilt than moderately resistant cultivars Georgia Green (Branch, 1996) and C-99R (Gorbet and Shokes, 2002), and to be among the most resistant lines evaluated in field tests (Culbreath et al., 1999). When tested using low seeding rates in Georgia and Florida, Georganic exhibited a final intensity rating for TSWV of 11.9% which was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that observed on C-99R (32.3%) or Georgia Green (57.9%) (Culbreath et al., 1999). Georganic also exhibited significantly lower TSWV and significantly higher yield than Georgia Green in space-planted tests conducted for two years at two locations (Culbreath et al., 2005). Mandel et al. (2002) studied mechanisms of resistance using mechanical inoculation with TSWV and found that Georganic exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower percentage of symptomatic plants (32%) in comparison to C-99R (58%) and Georgia Green (82%). They postulated that a mechanism of resistance in Georganic is restricted viral movement resulting in reduced systemic infection.

Georganic has good yield with multiple disease resistances (Cantonwine et al., 2006; in press). Because it has a red testa (seed coat), it is not acceptable for conventional peanut production. However, it has been adopted and is being grown by several organic peanut producers. Georganic has oleic to linoleic fatty acid (O/L) ratio, flavor, and percent meat comparable to the current standard runner cultivar, Georgia Green.

Seeds of Georganic have been deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System, where it will be available for research purposes, including development and commercialization of new cultivars. Appropriate recognition is requested if this release contributes to the development of a new breeding line or cultivar. Breeder seed of Georganic will be maintained by the USDA-ARS at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA.

Acknowledgments

The technical assistance of J. Golden, V. Hogan, K. Marchant, D. Mauldin, and B. Tyler is gratefully acknowledged.

Footnotes

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Received for publication March 27, 2007.

References

• Branch, W.D. 1996. Registration of ‘Georgia Green’ peanut. Crop Sci. 36:806.[Free Full Text]
• Cantonwine, E.G., A.K. Culbreath, C.C. Holbrook, and D.W. Gorbet. 2008. Disease progress of early leaf spot and components of resistance to Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum in runner-type peanut cultivars. Peanut Sci. (in press).
• Cantonwine, E.G., A.K. Culbreath, K.L. Stevenson, R.C. Kemerait, Jr., T.B. Brenneman, N.B. Smith, and B.G. Mullinix, Jr. 2006. Integrated disease management of leaf spot and spotted wilt of peanut. Plant Dis. 90:493–500.[CrossRef]
• Culbreath, A.K., J.W. Todd, D.W. Gorbet, S.L. Brown, J.A. Baldwin, H.R. Pappu, C.C. Holbrook, and F.M. Shokes. 1999. Response of early, medium, and late maturing peanut breeding lines to field epidemics of tomato spotted wilt. Peanut Sci. 26:100–106.
• Culbreath, A.K., D.W. Gorbet, N. Martinez-Ochoa, C.C. Holbrook, J.W. Todd, T.G. Isleib, and B. Tillman. 2005. High levels of field resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut breeding lines derived from hypogaea and hirsuta botanical varieties. Peanut Sci. 32:20–24.[CrossRef]
• Gorbet, D.W., and F.M. Shokes. 2002. Registration of ‘C-99R’ peanut. Crop Sci. 42:2207.[Free Full Text]
• Mandel, B., H.R. Pappu, A.K. Culbreath, C.C. Holbrook, D.W. Gorbet, and J.W. Todd. 2002. Differential response of selected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes to mechanical inoculation by tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Dis. 86:939–944.[CrossRef]

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