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GERMPLASMS

Registration of STARS 0601W Wheat Germplasm

^a USDA-ARS, 1301 N. Western Rd., Stillwater, OK 74075
^b Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078
^c Dep. of Genetics, Univ. of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture

^* Corresponding author (david.r.porter{at}okstate.edu).

STARS 0601W (Reg. No. GP-836, PI 643399) is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm developed cooperatively by the Wheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Stillwater, OK, and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (OAES). STARS 0601W is resistant to biotypes 1 and 2 of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). STARS 0601W was experimentally tested as 02 Altus 034 and OK03825, and originated from the cross ‘Custer’*3/94M81. Custer is a hard red winter wheat cultivar developed by the OAES and the USDA-ARS and released in 1994. It is best adapted to western Oklahoma and the High Plains and has the pedigree, F29-76/‘TAM 105’ (CItr 17826)//‘Chisholm’ (PI 486219).

STARS 0601W is resistant to RWA biotypes 1 and 2 when seedling plants are tested with greenhouse-reared colonies of biotype-verified aphids. Seedling reactions to RWA biotypes 1 and 2 feeding are characterized as resistant (scores of 1 and 2, respectively) on a damage rating scale of 1 (no damage) to 9 (dead plant) using standard RWA culture and resistance evaluation protocols (Porter et al., 1993). The South African wheat selection, 94M81, is the source of RWA resistance in STARS 0601W. 94M81 was derived from the line 93M45-14, which contains a 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation developed through an intergeneric transfer from ‘Turkey 77’ rye (Secale cereale L.) to ‘Veery’ wheat (Marais et al., 1994). Resistance to RWA biotype 2 in 94M81 is conferred by a single dominant gene, designated Dn7, located on the 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation (Marais et al., 1998).

In 1995, seedlings of 94M81 were tested for resistance to RWA biotype 1; resistant plants were identified, rescued from RWA infestation, and crossed with Custer. RWA biotype 1 resistant progeny were selected and backcrossed twice to Custer in subsequent years. BC₃ populations were evaluated in the greenhouse over several years for RWA resistance and agronomic traits (e.g., height, spike type, maturity, uniformity, etc.) and evaluated in field plots in 2002 (as 02 Altus 034) and in 2003 and 2004 (as OK03825). Greenhouse tests conducted in 2004 revealed 02 Altus 034(OK03825) was also resistant to RWA biotype 2 (Porter et al., 2005). In subsequent 2004 tests, single plants of OK03825 were infested with a combination of RWA biotypes 1 and 2, and plants with damage ratings of 1 to 2 were selected and increased in the greenhouse in 2005. Three single-plant progenies were increased at Yuma, AZ in 2006. STARS 0601W was selected from one of those progenies and is a BC₃F₅-derived line currently in the F₇ generation. Homogeneity of RWA biotype 2 resistance in STARS 0601W was verified in greenhouse tests conducted in 2006.

STARS 0601W is an awned, white-chaffed, medium height, semidwarf wheat with medium-early maturity, heading about 2 d before ‘Ok101’ (PI 631493). STARS 0601W plant height, at 82 cm, is similar to Ok101 (81 cm), and slightly shorter than ‘TAM 111’ (PI 631352) (86 cm). STARS 0601W is susceptible to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in the seedling stage and to wheat soilborne mosaic virus.

Based on replicated trials in western Oklahoma in 2003 (six locations, three replications each), grain yield of STARS 0601W (5220 kg ha^–1) was similar to ‘TAM 110’ (PI 595757) (5260 kg ha^–1). In 2004 trials (six locations, three replications each), grain yield of STARS 0601W (3440 kg ha^–1) was similar to ‘Jagalene’ (3420 kg ha^–1) in central and western Oklahoma tests. STARS 0601W has a grain volume weight similar to ‘Ok102’ (PI 632635) and intermediate to Ok101 and TAM 111. Across three test locations in 2004, grain volume weights were 77.8 (STARS 0601W), 77.9 (Ok102), 76.7 (Ok101), and 78.6 kg hL^–1 (TAM 111).

End use quality of STARS 0601W was assessed by OSU's Wheat Quality Laboratory in 2003 (two sites) and 2004 (three sites). Protein levels varied from 122 to 134 g kg^–1, 9 g kg^–1 higher than TAM 110 (2003) and 15 g kg^–1 higher than Ok101 (2004). Based on single-kernel characterization system analysis from three sites in 2004, STARS 0601W averaged 38.5 mg for kernel weight, 2.7 mm for kernel diameter, and 55 for kernel hardness index. The check cultivar, Ok101, averaged 34.1 mg for kernel weight, 2.6 mm for kernel diameter, and 44 for kernel hardness index. STARS 0601W had a mixing time of 2.7 min, and a mixing tolerance score of 3.7 on a 1-to-10 (low-to-high) scale. Ok101 had a mixing time of 4.0 min, and a mixing tolerance score of 5.3. Mixing tolerance parameters were derived from a computer-assisted National Manufacturing Co. mixograph (Lincoln, NE), with a 10-g mixing bowl (American Association of Cereal Chemists, Method 54-40A).

Seeds of STARS 0601W will be deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System where this material will be available for research purposes, including development and commercialization of new germplasm or cultivars. It is requested that appropriate recognition of the source be given when this germplasm contributes to research or the development of an improved line, cultivar, or hybrid. Seeds of STARS 0601W will be distributed on request to researchers in lots of 5 g. Requests for seeds should be sent to the corresponding author.

Footnotes

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Received for publication November 20, 2006.

References

• Marais, G.F., M. Horn, and F. Du Toit. 1994. Intergeneric transfer (rye to wheat) of a gene(s) for Russian wheat aphid resistance. Plant Breed. 113:265–271.[CrossRef]
• Marais, G.F., W.G. Wessels, M. Horn, and F. du Toit. 1998. Association of a stem rust resistance gene (Sr45) and two Russian wheat aphid resistance genes (Dn5 and Dn7) with mapped structural loci in common wheat. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 15:67–71.
• Porter, D.R., J.A. Webster, and C.A. Baker. 1993. Detection of resistance to the Russian wheat aphid in hexaploid wheat. Plant Breed. 110:157–160.[CrossRef]
• Porter, D.R., C.A. Baker, and M. El-Bouhssini. 2005. Resistance in wheat to a new North American-Russian wheat aphid biotype. Plant Breed. 124:603–604.[CrossRef]

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