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Univ. of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, 3925 Hwy. 71, Marianna, FL 32446
* Corresponding author (dgorbet{at}ufl.edu).
‘AP-3’ peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) (Reg. No. CV-99, PI 633912) cultivar was developed by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station and was approved for release in 2003. AP-3 is a medium maturity (137–140 d), runner market-type peanut cultivar with excellent resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a Tospovirus, and it has good to excellent resistance to stem rot or white mold, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. AP-3 was selected from a cross made in 1990 between the breeding line OKFH15 and the germplasm line NC3033 (Beute et al., 1976) and was tested experimentally as UF98116 or 90x7-3-5-1-b2-B. The breeding line OKFH15 is a sister line of ‘Okrun’ (Banks et al., 1989), which has ‘Florunner’ (Norden et al., 1969) as a parent and is phenotypically very similar to Florunner. NC3033 is a germplasm line released by North Carolina State University and has resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) (caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield & Alfenas, teleomorph: Calonectria ilicicola Boedijin & Reitsma) and stem rot. The cross that produced AP-3 was made primarily to produce material to select for resistance to stem rot and CBR in a runner market-type peanut. AP-3 is a sister line of ‘Carver’ (Gorbet, 2006b), which has some resistance to CBR and TSWV.
AP-3 was developed by pedigree selection under good spray management for control of leaf spot [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Deighton], but no fungicides were applied to control stem rot and CBR. Single plant selections were made in the F1 through F5 generations in space-planted irrigated breeding nurseries under good production management practices with a 3-yr rotation. Fields had low to moderate pressure from CBR and stem rot. Seeds from two F5 plants were bulked to initiate yield testing in irrigated field tests at Marianna, FL, in 1996. AP-3 was evaluated in yield tests in Florida through 2003 (Gorbet, 2003) with a pod yield and TSWV resistance advantage over the dominant commercial runner check, ‘Georgia Green’ (Branch, 1996).
AP-3 has shown excellent resistance to TSWV and stem rot in Florida and Georgia field tests. Data from 38 field tests, mostly in Florida, showed a 31% pod yield advantage for AP-3 over Georgia Green (5196 vs. 3960 kg ha–1, P < 0.01). AP-3 has a prostrate to semiprostrate growth habit, with somewhat lighter green foliage color than Georgia Green and a more prominent main stem. The pods and seed of AP-3 matured somewhat later than for Georgia Green or Carver in Florida tests. AP-3 has lower total sound mature kernel (TSMK) grade percentage than Georgia Green (73 vs. 78%, P < 0.01) and Carver (73 vs. 76%, P < 0.05), respectively. AP-3 has larger seed than Georgia Green with more extra-large kernels (ELK, 
35 vs. 22%, P < 0.01) and a greater 100-seed weight (66 vs. 60 g, P < 0.01) in Florida tests (Gorbet, 2003). Seed testa of AP-3 are tan in color, with seed somewhat more elongated than Georgia Green. The seed oil chemistry of AP-3 is normal with an oleic to linoleic ratio of 2.8 with 48% oil content in the seed, compared with 51% for Georgia Green.
In Florida studies (2001–2004) to evaluate for resistance to stem rot, inoculated plots of AP-3 produced pod yields of 4768 vs. 2931 kg ha–1 (P < 0.01) for Georgia Green, with an average disease severity rating of 2.5 vs. 4.2 on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 = no symptoms and 10 = 100% of plants with symptoms (Gorbet et al., 2004) . Ratings for TSWV resistance on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = no symptoms) in 38 Florida tests (1996–2002) averaged 2.4 for AP-3 and 5.0 for Georgia Green (Gorbet, 2003). In April space-planted TSWV studies conducted at Marianna, FL, and at Tifton, GA (1998–2000), AP-3 averaged 5582 vs. 3716 kg ha–1 (P < 0.01) for Georgia Green, with a disease rating of 16.0 vs. 54.2% (P < 0.01) diseased plants, respectively (A. K. Culbreath, personal communication). AP-3 had a lower shellout percentage than Georgia Green with a nonsignificant difference in blanching (82.8 vs. 82.3% whole blanch) and acceptable flavor rating (4.0 vs. 4.0) data, compared with Georgia Green. AP-3 has a meat content (73.9 vs. 73.6%, nonsignificant) similar to ‘Andru II’ (Gorbet, 2006a).
AP-3 received approval for a U.S. Plant Variety Protection Certificate (PVP no. 200300320) in August 2005 for growing only as a class of Certified seed. Inquiries concerning Foundation seed and production of AP-3 should be directed to Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., P.O. Box 309, Greenwood, FL 32443. Breeder seed will be maintained by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Seed has been submitted to the National Plant Germplasm System for post-PVP expiration distribution. Further inquiries on small samples of seed for research purposes should be directed to the author.
Footnotes
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Received for publication January 22, 2007.
References
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