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GERMPLASMS

Registration of N585, N586, N589, N590, and N591, Tan Plants Large-Seeded Grain Sorghum Germplasm

Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, P.O. Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915. Journal Article No. 15177 by Univ. of Nebraska Agric. Res. Div. Registration by CSSA

^* Corresponding author (idweikat2{at}unl.edu).

N585 (Reg. No. GP-640, PI 642390), N586 (Reg. No. GP-641, PI 642391), N589 (Reg. No. GP-642, PI 642392), N590 (Reg. No. GP-643, PI 642393), and N591 (Reg. No. GP-644, PI 642394) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm lines are large-seeded, photoperiod-insensitive germplasm lines that provide genetic diversity for developing large-seeded food-grade sorghum hybrids. Seed size, as weight per given kernel number, can be genetically manipulated and is of particular importance in this regard. Size of seed in sorghum contributes to yield through enhanced germination, establishment, seedling growth and vigor, and plant performance (Amthor, 1983; Singh and Makne, 1985; Swanson and Hunter, 1936; Trabanino et al., 1989). Additionally, the production of large, uniform seed is desirable for cleaning and marketing. Components of grain yield are generally quantitative in their inheritance with a high degree of genetic variation. The gene action controlling grain weight appears to be additive (Biradar et al., 1996) so that selection for this character is effective. In a study of 585 sorghum varieties from the world collection, Miller (1968) observed a range in seed weight of 0.7 to 6.1 g per 100 seed. The majority of planted hybrids in the Great Plains ranges from 2.5 to 3.0 g per 100 seed, which suggests opportunity for significant gains in seed size.

These germplasm lines were developed in the sorghum breeding program at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln to produce large-seeded food-grade hybrid parent lines adapted to the Midwest region of the USA. These germplasm lines resulted from crosses made using nuclear male-sterility mutation (ms₃ms₃) and emasculated two-way and three-way crosses made in the 2000 Spring greenhouse between Nebraska Seed Size Cycle 5 (NSSC5) population selections and large seed size tropical introductions and conversion lines PI 571346, IS 23891, PI571344, NSL 83547, SC 425, and NSL 88139. NSSC5 is a broad genetic base, full-season, food-grade, random-mating population containing B and R reaction for A₁ cytoplasmic male sterility and containing the nuclear male sterility mutation ms₃. Pedigree selection was conducted in the F₂ and F₃ generation at Lincoln in 2001 and 2002 and F₄ generation at Tampico, Mexico, in the 2003 winter nursery. F₆ lines were grown at Lincoln in 2004 and evaluated for seed size, seed number, and other agronomic traits. No segregation for ms₃ was observed by the F₆ generation. Several lines were test-crossed with Wheatland A₁ to determine their male fertility restoration reaction.

Days to anthesis, plant height, panicle length, panicle exertion, seed weight, seed number per panicle, test weight, testcross reaction, and plant and grain color of each germplasm are shown in Table 1 . The germplasm lines' fertility restoration reaction were determined from bagged heads only. In general, these germplasm lines are average to short in height and medium to late in maturity. Seed weights were tested in three environments (Lincoln field 2004, Mead, NE, and Tampico, Mexico), and the variation among the lines was similar in range. When grown at Lincoln in 2004, seed size ranged from 41 to 47 g per 1000 seed, which is about double the size of N250 B. The progenies from the test cross of all five large-seeded inbreds with either N267A or Tx3042A had larger and heavier seed than either of the female parents (Table 2 ). Seed color of all lines is genetically white. All five germplasm lines have tan plant color. Tillering habit is upright for all the germplasm lines. All five germplasm lines are photoperiod insensitive. Insect and disease resistance of these materials has not been determined.

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 1. Five large-seeded medium late maturing grain sorghum germplasm lines grown with inbred lines checks.

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 2. Seed weight, seeds per panicle, and seed yield per panicle of inbred lines N267A and Tx3042A and their hybrids with N585,N586, N589, N590, and N591 grown in Lincoln, NE, during the 2005 season.

Acknowledgments

The development of these materials was partially funded by the Nebraska Grain Sorghum Board. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Franciso Zavala Garcia from the University of Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico for his assistance in the winter nursery.

Footnotes

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Received for publication March 22, 2006.

References

• Amthor, J.S. 1983. Sorghum seedling growth as a function of sodium chloride salinity and seed size. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 52:915–917.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Biradar, B.D., P. Parameswarappa, S.S. Patil, and P. Parameswargoud. 1996. Inheritance of seed size in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Crop Res. Hisar. 11:331–337.
• Miller, F.R. 1968. Some diversity in the world sorghum collection. In Proc. of 23rd Annual Corn and Sorghum Research Conf. American Seed Trade Association, Washington, DC.
• Singh, A.R., and V.G. Makne. 1985. Correlation studies on seed viability and seedling vigor in relation to seed size in sorghum. Seed Sci. Technol. 13:139–140.
• Swanson, A.F., and R. Hunter. 1936. Effect of germination and seed size on sorghum stands. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 28:997–1004.
• Trabanino, C.R., H.N. Pitre, K.L. Andrews, and D.H. Meekenstock. 1989. Effect of seed size, color, number of seed per hill and depth of planting on sorghum seed survival and stand establishment: Relationship to phytophagous insect. Trop. Agric. 66:225–229.

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