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a International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Kano Station, PMB3112, Kano, Nigeria
b Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmed Bello Univ. (IAR/ABU), PMB 1044, Zaria, Nigeria
c Bayero Univ., PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria
* Corresponding author (b.b.singh{at}cgiar.org).
‘NGVU-05-24’ cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (Reg. No. CV-272, PI 642157), originally tested as IT93K-452-1 was developed by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and distributed to various national programs in 1995 as a part of the early maturing cowpea international trial for evaluation and selection of suitable cultivars adapted to local conditions. The Nigerian Nationally Coordinated Cowpea Research Project tested IT93K-452-1 in the early maturing (60 d) cowpea cultivar trial at several locations from 1996 to 2001. ‘NGVU-05-24’ was widely tested as IT93K-452-1 in Nigeria. The test locations included Ibadan, Abeokuta and Il-Ife in the forest zone; Mokwa in the humid zone; Samaru, Gombe and Bauchi in the sub-humid zone and Maiduguri and Kano in the dry savanna. The average yield of IT93K-452-1 over all the locations and years was 1088 kg ha–1 within 60 to 63 d maturity. It was further tested in on-farm trials in several states where it yielded 24% higher than the check cultivars Dan Ila and IT 90K-82-2 which were at least 2 to 3 wk later in maturity at all the locations. Since all the local and improved cultivars mature from 70 d and above, this cultivar was highly appreciated by farmers. Considering its good performance and demand for an extra-early cultivar by farmers, the National Variety Release Committee gave it the national code name of NGVU-05-24 and released it formally in 2005 for cultivation in Nigeria (NCGRB 2004).
NGVU-05-24 is an F6-derived line developed by the pedigree method of breeding from the cross involving the parents, IT86D-782 and IT90K-76. The first parent, IT86D-786 is derived from a three-way cross, (TVU 15556 x TVu 946-2) x IT84E-1-108. Of these, TVu 15556 is a land race, ‘Kamboinse Local’ from Burkina Faso, TVu-946–2 is an Achisiru type (semi-wild, small seeded with 55 d maturity) selection from Nigeria and IT84E-1-108 is derived from a cross between TVu-3000 x IT82E-60. TVu 3000 is an early maturing aphid resistant introduction, PI 353159 from India. IT82E-60 is derived from the cross involving (TVx33-1J x TVU 6203) x TVx 33-1J. The parents of TVx33-1J are TVu 37 and TVu 530 which represent ‘Pale Green’ from South Africa and ‘Ibadan 2’ from Nigeria, respectively. TVu 6203 is a line from the USA. The second parent of IT93K-452-1, IT90K-76 is a Striga gesnerioides (Wild.) Vatke resistant line derived from a back cross (B301 x IT90K-2246-4) x IT90K-2246-4. B301 is local land race from Botswana which is resistant to two parasitic plants, Striga gesnerioides (Wild.) Vatke and Alectra vogelii (Benth.) (Singh and Emechebe, 1990, Singh et al., 1993). IT90K-2246-4 is derived from a cross between IT82D-716 and IT81D-1020. IT82D-716 came from a cross between TVx 6332 and TVx 3236. TVx 6332 is derived from a three-way cross, (TVx1193-9F x TVu 2027) x TVu 625. TVx 1193-9F came from the cross TVu 1190 x TVu 76. TVu 1190 is a land race, ‘V.U.5’ from Kenya and TVu 76 is variety ‘Prima’. TVx 3236 is from the cross, TVu 1509 x Ife Brown both from Nigeria. IT81D-1020 is derived from a cross between TVx 1193–9F and TVu 2027 which is ‘Kano-8’ from Nigeria. Thus, IT93K-452-1 has a fairly broad and diverse genetic background.
‘NGVU-05-24’ is an extra-early (60 d) variety with semi-erect plant type and semi-determinate growth habit. The leaves are broad and dark green. The variety is heat tolerant photoperiod insensitive and therefore widely adapted. The flowers, which are borne on a purple-pigmented, non-branching-peduncle, have purple margins on both the wings and standards. The purple-pigmented pods are positioned slightly over the canopy and measure between 15 and 20 cm in length with 12 to 16 seeds pod–1. The average number of pods per plant is between 10 and 15. The seeds are white, medium size (100 seeds weighs 14–16 g) with rough texture and large black eye. The grains contain about 25% protein. This cultivar is resistant to pod shattering and weathering. The seed quality is not affected even if it matures during the rainy season. It is resistant to major diseases such as anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. & Magn.), web blight (caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn), brown blotch (caused by Colletotrichum capsici Syd.), Cercospora leaf spots (caused by Cerscospora cruenta Lathum and Cercospora canescens Ellis & Martin), Septoria leaf spots (caused by Septoria vignae P. Henn.) scab (caused by Elsinoe phaseoli Jenkins), bacterial blight (caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vignicola), as well as cowpea yellow mosaic, southern bean mosaic and cowpea aphid borne mosaic. It also has high level of resistance to Striga gesnerioides (Wilde) Vadke. This is a well adapted variety in all parts of Nigeria but it has become most popular in the northern guinea savannas of Nigeria where farmers are able to take two crops in the same season (Singh et al., 2002). This cultivar has also been found promising as a niche crop in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)– rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system of in northern India (Pandey and Singh, 2005).
Breeder seed of this cultivar is being maintained at IITA as well as at the Institute for Agricultural Research of Ahmad Bello University (IAR/ABU). Small quantities of Breeder seed of this cultivar can be obtained from IAR/ABU and IITA for the first five year and thereafter, from USDA, ARS National Plant Germplasm System. Recipients of seeds are asked to make appropriate recognition of the source of germplasm if it is used in the development of a new cultivar, germplasm, parental line, or genetic stock. Authors will not seek plant variety protection for ‘NGVU-05-24’.
Footnotes
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Received for publication March 2, 2006.
References
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